The committee reviewing the merger of investment agencies in Bangladesh has recommended a phased approach, beginning with the consolidation of the Bangladesh Investment Development Authority (Bida) and the Public–Private Partnership Authority (PPPA).
The issue was discussed at the second meeting of the committee formed to examine and recommend restructuring options, held on 22 April and chaired by Cabinet Secretary Nasimul Gani.
At present, six state bodies handle investment-related functions: Bida, PPPA, Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (Beza), Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority (Bepza), Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC), and Bangladesh Hi-Tech Park Authority (BHTPA).
The meeting participants opined against immediate merger of these organisations.
According to meeting sources, the committee suggested that since Bida and the PPPA are primarily responsible for investment promotion, they could be merged in the first phase of reform.
The effectiveness of this integration would then be assessed before considering further mergers involving Beza and the Hi-Tech Park Authority, the sources said. Subsequent phases may include a broader consolidation of remaining agencies, depending on outcomes and implementation performance.
The meeting also directed the preparation of a concept paper for the next session on how unused land under BSCIC could be utilised to attract foreign investment. Proposals were also discussed to reclassify economic zones under Beza as export-oriented industrial areas for both local and foreign investors.
In addition, the possibility of transferring management of certain zones to Bepza was discussed, alongside alignment of tax holidays and incentive structures for export-focused regions.
Senior officials from the Prime Minister’s Office, Ministries of Public Administration, Industries, ICT Division and Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, heads of relevant agencies attended the meeting. The third meeting is scheduled for 29 April, where further discussions will continue.
What experts say
Kiyoshi Adachi, legal officer at Division on Investment and Enterprise, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), said a merger of the six agencies would be a positive move.
“If a merger is implemented, it is essential to ensure that experts from diverse sectors are included – especially those familiar with both large-scale industrial operations and small enterprise ecosystems such as those in EPZs and API parks,” he told The Business Standard.
He further explained that having a wide range of expertise within one unified agency would be crucial to effectively address the varied needs of different types of businesses.
Overall, he viewed the “One Umbrella” initiative positively, stating that it could improve coordination among investment-related agencies, provided that sector-specific expertise is properly represented.
However, Abul Kasem Khan, chairperson of BUILD, questioned the rationale behind restructuring existing effective institutions. For instance, he said Bangladesh’s Export Processing Zones, managed by Bepza, have been highly successful and operate with strong administrative efficiency and investment performance.
“Why are we trying to dismantle a system that is already functioning well?” questioned Kasem, also former president of Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DCCI).
He further said the justification for merger proposals remains unclear. “If the objective is to improve investment and ease of doing business, reforms must be based on clear and logical reasoning. But well-functioning institutions should be strengthened, not disrupted,” he said.
He also warned that merging effective organisations could risk losing accumulated institutional knowledge and operational efficiency.
Abul Kashem said the proposal is still at a discussion stage. A third-party consultancy will conduct an assessment, after which recommendations will be submitted to the Prime Minister’s Office. Final decisions will be taken following consultations with businesses and other stakeholders.
He also said private sector input is essential in policymaking, noting that practical experience can improve policy effectiveness. “The more views you gather, the more ideas you generate,” he said.
The initiative to unify investment-related agencies under a single umbrella was originally conceived under the previous interim government to simplify investment procedures for domestic and foreign investors.
A proposal was also made at the time to establish a central Investment Promotion Agency (IPA), with a committee tasked with reviewing detailed integration options before final recommendations are made.
Earlier, on 14 March, proposals on merging investment promotion agencies and related reform plans were presented to the prime minister by Bida Executive Chairman Ashik Chowdhury.
Bida Executive Member and Head of Business Development Nahian Rahman Rochi told TBS that the merger plan is considered a “major enabler” within Bida’s 180-day action roadmap.
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